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版權條款

Within book and digital publishing ecosystems, eight standard copyright statements are widely adopted, covering traditional rights-reserved provisions and Creative Commons licensing frameworks. Each statement defines rules for dissemination, derivative creation and commercial utilisation, which directly affect authors’ rights and the reach of publications.

Authors are invited to review and compare all options listed below, and select the copyright statement best aligned with your creative objectives, positioning of the work and long-term communication strategy. Feel free to reach out to our team if you require further consultation regarding rights terms.

CC BY 4.0

署名 4.0 國際公共許可協議

Copyright Declaration

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0).

Full license text: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

You must provide appropriate attribution when using this work:

1. Cite this work in a standard academic format (APA, MLA, Chicago or journal‑specified style), including title, author, publication details, DOI or official URL.

2. Clearly state if modifications have been made to the original content.

3. For substantial quotations, preserve the original context and avoid misrepresentation of the author’s intent.

Legal Compliance

Any breach of this license will automatically terminate your rights under this agreement, and you may be subject to intellectual property legal liabilities.

本作品採用知識共享署名 4.0 國際公共許可協議（CC BY 4.0）授權。

完整協議條文可查閱：https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

您有權利：共享——以任何媒介或格式複製、分發本作品；改編——重混、轉化、基於本作品進行二次創作，包括用於商業用途，無需額外取得版權方授權。

使用本作品時，您必須遵守署名義務：

1. 採用 APA、MLA、芝加哥或期刊指定的標準引用格式標註來源，完整標示作品標題、作者、出版資訊、DOI或官方網址；

2. 若對內容進行了修改，須明確標示改動內容；

3. 直接摘錄大段原文時，不得扭曲原文含義，標註原始語境。

法律合規聲明

使用者若違反本許可條款，將終止其使用權利，並須承擔相應知識產權法律責任。

CC BY‑NC 4.0

署名‑非商業性 4.0

Copyright Declaration

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution‑NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY‑NC 4.0).

Full license text: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by‑nc/4.0/

You are free to share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format; and adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material, for non‑commercial purposes only. Any commercial use, including paid publications and training programs, requires prior written authorization from the copyright holder.

You must provide appropriate attribution when using this work:

1. Cite this work in a standard academic format (APA, MLA, Chicago or journal‑specified style), including title, author, publication details, DOI or official URL.

2. Clearly state if modifications have been made to the original content.

3. For substantial quotations, preserve the original context and avoid misrepresentation of the author’s intent.

Legal Compliance

Any breach of this license will automatically terminate your rights under this agreement, and you may be subject to intellectual property legal liabilities.

本作品採用知識共享署名‑非商業性 4.0 國際公共許可協議（CC BY‑NC 4.0）授權。

完整協議條文可查閱：https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by‑nc/4.0/

您有權利：共享——以任何媒介或格式複製、分發本作品；改編——重混、轉化、基於本作品進行二次創作，僅限非商業用途。任何商業發行、付費培訓、出版物售賣等盈利行為，必須事先獲得版權持有人的書面授權。

使用本作品時，您必須遵守署名義務：

1. 採用 APA、MLA、芝加哥或期刊指定的標準引用格式標註來源，完整標示作品標題、作者、出版資訊、DOI或官方網址；

2. 若對內容進行了修改，須明確標示改動內容；

3. 直接摘錄大段原文時，不得扭曲原文含義，標註原始語境。

法律合規聲明

使用者若違反本許可條款，將終止其使用權利，並須承擔相應知識產權法律責任。

CC BY‑SA 4.0

署名‑相同方式共享

Copyright Declaration

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution‑ShareAlike 4.0 International License (CC BY‑SA 4.0).

Full license text: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by‑sa/4.0/

You are free to share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format; and adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially, without additional permission from the copyright holder. If you adapt or build upon this work, your derivative work must be distributed under the identical CC BY‑SA 4.0 license.

You must provide appropriate attribution when using this work:

1. Cite this work in a standard academic format (APA, MLA, Chicago or journal‑specified style), including title, author, publication details, DOI or official URL.

2. Clearly state if modifications have been made to the original content.

3. For substantial quotations, preserve the original context and avoid misrepresentation of the author’s intent.

Legal Compliance

Any breach of this license will automatically terminate your rights under this agreement, and you may be subject to intellectual property legal liabilities.

本作品採用知識共享署名‑相同方式共享 4.0 國際公共許可協議（CC BY‑SA 4.0）授權。

完整協議條文可查閱：https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by‑sa/4.0/

您有權利：共享——以任何媒介或格式複製、分發本作品；改編——重混、轉化、基於本作品進行二次創作，包括用於商業用途，無需額外取得版權方授權。若您改編或衍生出新作品，新作必須採用完全相同的CC BY‑SA 4.0協議進行開源共享。

使用本作品時，您必須遵守署名義務：

1. 採用 APA、MLA、芝加哥或期刊指定的標準引用格式標註來源，完整標示作品標題、作者、出版資訊、DOI或官方網址；

2. 若對內容進行了修改，須明確標示改動內容；

3. 直接摘錄大段原文時，不得扭曲原文含義，標註原始語境。

法律合規聲明

使用者若違反本許可條款，將終止其使用權利，並須承擔相應知識產權法律責任。

CC BY‑ND 4.0

署名‑禁止演繹

Copyright Declaration

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution‑NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY‑ND 4.0).

Full license text: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by‑nd/4.0/

You are free to share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format for any purpose, even commercially. You may not remix, transform, or build upon the material.

You must provide appropriate attribution when using this work:

1. Cite this work in a standard academic format (APA, MLA, Chicago or journal‑specified style), including title, author, publication details, DOI or official URL.

2. Only the unmodified full version of this work may be redistributed. Any rewriting, excerpting or derivative adaptation is not permitted under this license.

3. For substantial quotations, preserve the original context and avoid misrepresentation of the author’s intent.

Legal Compliance

Any breach of this license will automatically terminate your rights under this agreement, and you may be subject to intellectual property legal liabilities.

本作品採用知識共享署名‑禁止演繹 4.0 國際公共許可協議（CC BY‑ND 4.0）授權。

完整協議條文可查閱：https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by‑nd/4.0/

您有權利：共享——以任何媒介或格式複製、分發完整未修改的本作品，包括用於商業用途；您不得對本作品進行重混、修改、轉化或創作衍生作品。

使用本作品時，您必須遵守署名義務：

1. 採用 APA、MLA、芝加哥或期刊指定的標準引用格式標註來源，完整標示作品標題、作者、出版資訊、DOI或官方網址；

2. 本作品僅允許原文完整轉載，任何形式的改寫、摘編、二次加工均不在授權範圍內；

3. 直接摘錄大段原文時，不得扭曲原文含義，標註原始語境。

法律合規聲明

使用者若違反本許可條款，將終止其使用權利，並須承擔相應知識產權法律責任。

CC BY‑NC‑SA 4.0

署名‑非商業‑相同方式共享

Copyright Declaration

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution‑NonCommercial‑ShareAlike 4.0 International License (CC BY‑NC‑SA 4.0).

Full license text: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by‑nc‑sa/4.0/

You are free to share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format; and adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material, for non‑commercial purposes only. Any commercial use, including paid publications and training programmes, requires prior written authorization from the copyright holder. If you adapt or build upon this work, your derivative work must be distributed under the identical CC BY‑NC‑SA 4.0 license.

You must provide appropriate attribution when using this work:

1. Cite this work in a standard academic format (APA, MLA, Chicago or journal‑specified style), including title, author, publication details, DOI or official URL.

2. Clearly state if modifications have been made to the original content.

3. For substantial quotations, preserve the original context and avoid misrepresentation of the author’s intent.

Legal Compliance

Any breach of this license will automatically terminate your rights under this agreement, and you may be subject to intellectual property legal liabilities.

本作品採用知識共享署名‑非商業性‑相同方式共享 4.0 國際公共許可協議（CC BY‑NC‑SA 4.0）授權。

完整協議條文可查閱：https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by‑nc‑sa/4.0/

您有權利：共享——以任何媒介或格式複製、分發本作品；改編——重混、轉化、基於本作品進行二次創作，僅限非商業用途。任何商業發行、付費培訓、出版物售賣等盈利行為，必須事先獲得版權持有人的書面授權。若您改編或衍生出新作品，新作必須採用完全相同的CC BY‑NC‑SA 4.0協議開源共享。

使用本作品時，您必須遵守署名義務：

1. 採用 APA、MLA、芝加哥或期刊指定的標準引用格式標註來源，完整標示作品標題、作者、出版資訊、DOI或官方網址；

2. 若對內容進行了修改，須明確標示改動內容；

3. 直接摘錄大段原文時，不得扭曲原文含義，標註原始語境。

法律合規聲明

使用者若違反本許可條款，將終止其使用權利，並須承擔相應知識產權法律責任。

CC BY‑NC‑ND 4.0

署名‑非商業‑禁止演繹

Copyright Declaration

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution‑NonCommercial‑NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY‑NC‑ND 4.0).

Full license text: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by‑nc‑nd/4.0/

You are free to share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format, for non‑commercial purposes only. You may not modify, adapt or use the work for any commercial gain. Commercial exploitation requires prior written permission from the copyright holder.

You must provide appropriate attribution when using this work:

1. Cite this work in a standard academic format (APA, MLA, Chicago or journal‑specified style), including title, author, publication details, DOI or official URL.

2. Only the unmodified full version of this work may be redistributed for free. Rewriting, excerpting or commercial use is prohibited under this license.

3. For substantial quotations, preserve the original context and avoid misrepresentation of the author’s intent.

Legal Compliance

Any breach of this license will automatically terminate your rights under this agreement, and you may be subject to intellectual property legal liabilities.

本作品採用知識共享署名‑非商業性‑禁止演繹 4.0 國際公共許可協議（CC BY‑NC‑ND 4.0）授權。

完整協議條文可查閱：https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by‑nc‑nd/4.0/

您有權利：共享——以任何媒介或格式複製、分發完整未修改的本作品，僅限非商業用途。不可修改、改編本作品，亦不可用於任何商業盈利行為。任何商業形式的使用，必須事先取得版權持有人的書面授權。

使用本作品時，您必須遵守署名義務：

1. 採用 APA、MLA、芝加哥或期刊指定的標準引用格式標註來源，完整標示作品標題、作者、出版資訊、DOI或官方網址；

2. 本作品僅允許原文完整免費轉載，任何改寫、摘編、商業使用均不在授權範圍內；

3. 直接摘錄大段原文時，不得扭曲原文含義，標註原始語境。

法律合規聲明

使用者若違反本許可條款，將終止其使用權利，並須承擔相應知識產權法律責任。

CC0 1.0

公有領域

Copyright Declaration

The author has dedicated this work to the public domain under CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication.

Full license text: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/

Anyone may copy, modify, distribute, adapt or use this work for any purpose, commercial or non‑commercial, without permission or attribution.

Legal Compliance

No copyright restrictions apply to this work.

本作品依據 CC0 1.0 公有領域貢獻協議，作者放棄該作品在全球範圍內的全部著作權與相關權利。

完整協議條文可查閱：https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/

任何人可不受限制地複製、修改、分發、演繹、商用本作品，無需署名、無需取得授權。

法律合規聲明

本作品不受到版權保護，使用者使用本作品無版權相關合約約束。

保留一切權利（商業典藏版）

Copyright Declaration

No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, distributed or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written consent of the copyright holder. Any excerpt, adaptation or commercial exploitation requires formal written authorization from the publisher.

Legal Compliance

The copyright holder reserves the right to pursue full legal remedies against any unauthorized copyright infringement.

保留一切權利。

未經版權持有人事先書面授權，本出版物任何部分，不得以任何形式（電子、機械、影印、錄製、網絡傳播等）複製、儲存、轉載或分發。任何形式的摘錄、改編、商用開發，均須向出版社提交申請並取得正式授權文件。

法律合規聲明

任何未經授權的侵權行為，版權持有人將依據著作權相關法律追究全部法律責任。